Affitins are thermostable and acid-resistant proteins produced by Sulfolobus species that are used in biotechnology for their ability to bind and neutralize various antigens, which are molecules in toxins or infectious agents that trigger a host immune response.

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Sulfolobus is a genus of aquatic Archaea within the class Crenarchaeota that is characterized by being thermophilic, preferring temperatures around $${}70$$–$${}80$$ °C, and acidophilic, preferring a pH of $${}2$$–$${}3$$. They can inhabit both aerobic and anaerobic environments.

Sulfolobus

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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In the presence of oxygen, Sulfolobus species utilize metabolic processes similar to those of heterotrophic organisms. In anaerobic conditions, they oxidize sulfur to produce sulfuric acid, which is stored in internal granules.

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