In discussions of code-switching, lexical borrowing is the insertion of a single word from another language into a sentence. A speaker may use such a word without knowing the other language's broader grammatical system.

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- The use of a single word in a different language is not an indication of multi-lingualism
- Grammar ends up being the restrictions that distinguishes whether or not an example of multi-lingualism is considered code-switching
- One such model is the Matrix Language Frame Model

Models of Code Switching

The Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model of code-switching proposes that in bilingual speech, one language (the matrix language) provides the underlying grammatical framework, while vocabulary or elements from another language (the embedded language) are inserted into this structure.

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