Diatomaceous earth is a substance composed of the fossilized remains of diatom silica cell walls (frustules), which is used commercially for applications such as insulation and filtration.

Diatomaceous Earth

During sexual reproduction in centric diatoms, the male gametes possess flagella that enable directed movement to seek and fertilize female gametes.

Centric Diatom Reproduction

Diatoms, also known as Bacillariophyta, are unicellular stramenopiles characterized by having outer cell walls of crystallized silica called frustules. They are capable of reproducing both sexually and asexually.

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Stramenopiles

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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Stramenopiles use chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c1/c2, and fucoxanthin as photosynthetic pigments, and store energy as chrysolaminarin. While some species lack cell walls, others have scales.

Characteristics of Stramenopiles

Diatoms

Brown algae (Phaeophyta) are multicellular marine seaweeds. They contain photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, $$\beta$$-carotene, and fucoxanthin, and store energy as laminarin. Structurally, they attach to substrates using holdfasts and possess leaf-like blades and stalks, though these do not represent true plant leaves, stems, or roots.

Brown Algae

Golden algae, taxonomically classified as Chrysophyta, are a subgroup of stramenopiles.

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