Arizona State University

Rutgers University

- Motor Behavior 
- Feature Detection (Ware)
- Common Ground
- Extrema 
- IDEO Methods Cards
- Observation 

Design Techniques 

- Feature Detection (Ware): People respond to certain characteristics, such as color, slope, length, texture, value, angle, and motion extremely fast, while responding to characteristics such as shape, area, orientation, curvature, connection, and containment relatively slower. 
- Explanation: The former set of characteristics are processed in the primary visual cortex(V1) area in the back of the brain, and the second set of characteristics are processed in V2 (Ware). 
- Application: Designers should avoid manipulating too many characteristics because too much information could confuse the brain (Ware).

Feature Detection (Ware)

Common ground is a concept of achieving effective communication between users and the system through mutual agreement. The common ground includes three forms: conversational conventions, communal common ground, and personal common ground (Monk, 2003, p. 272). All three forms work together to help users understand and adapt to a system more efficiently.
- Conversational conventions refer to the assumptions of conducting a conversation. 
- Communal common ground refers to the assumptions based on experience.
- Personal common ground refers to the mutual understanding between individuals.

Common Ground

Extrema

IDEO Methods Cards are a set of 51 cards that make varied research and design techniques accessible to design teams. Each card explains how and when to use a method, gives a brief example from a design project, and includes an illustration. Teams can browse, sort, display, and select cards as a project evolves. The cards are organized into four categories: Learn from gathered facts, Look at what users do, Ask users to participate, and Try the experience firsthand.

IDEO Methods Cards

In design science, observation is a method used to understand the latent needs and desires of potential users by examining their real-world behaviors and contexts of use. Rather than relying on conventional techniques like asking users what they think and do, observation focuses on what people actually do in a given situation, helping to uncover needs they are rarely able to express explicitly.

Learn Before

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