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Matrix Representation via Row Vectors

A matrix ARmimesn\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{m imes n} can be visualized as a vertical stack of mm row vectors. Formally, it is expressed as:

A=[aop1aop2aopm]\mathbf{A}= \begin{bmatrix} \mathbf{a}^ op_{1} \mathbf{a}^ op_{2} \vdots \mathbf{a}^ op_m \end{bmatrix}

where each aopiRn\mathbf{a}^ op_{i} \in \mathbb{R}^n is a row vector representing the iextrmthi^ extrm{th} row of the matrix A\mathbf{A}.

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Updated 2026-05-01

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