The early signs of a rabies infection include localized irritation, prickling, and itching at the site of the animal bite. As the disease progresses to its later stages, symptoms escalate to encephalitis, excessive salivation, paralysis, confusion, hyperactivity, or coma.

Signs and Symptoms of Rabies

Because no single antemortem test is completely reliable on its own, diagnosing rabies in a live patient requires conducting multiple diagnostic tests. Clinicians must collect and analyze several types of patient specimens, including samples of blood, saliva, and skin.

Diagnosing Rabies in Live Patients

Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies consists of a series of intramuscular injections of human rabies immunoglobulin along with a series of rabies vaccines.

Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis

Rabies is a disease caused by the rabies virus. It is primarily transmitted through animal bites. If not treated in the early stages, it is always fatal. 

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- Arboviral Encephalitis
- Zika Virus Infection
- Rabies
- Poliomyelitis
- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies

Acellular Diseases of the Nervous System

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

Arboviral encephalitis are caused arthopod-borne viruses. These viruses are commonly transmitted through mosquitoes. They can cause different symptoms like fevers and chills but can even cause convulsions, coma and death. 

Arboviral Encephalitis

Zika Virus Infection is an arboviral disease that is particularly serious for fetuses and can result in brain damage and birth defects such as microcephaly which is an infant born with an abnormally small head. Most people infected with Zika virus typically do not have serious symptoms, such as a fever or rash. 

Zika Virus Infection

Rabies

Poliomyelitis or polio is caused by the poliovirus. This is a disease that if it spreads to the brain causes paralysis and death. 

Poliomyelitis (Polio)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are rare, fatal degenerative disorders of the brain and nervous system caused by prions. The accumulation of abnormal rogue prion proteins destroys brain cells, creating sponge-like holes in the brain tissue. This results in severe brain damage, rapid cognitive decline, loss of motor control, and ultimately death within months or years, for which there is no cure.

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