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A Same-Distribution Dev/Test Gap Suggests Dev-Set Overfitting

Repeated model selection or tuning on a development set can make decisions overly tailored to that set. If performance is then much worse on an independent test set drawn from the same distribution and evaluated in the same way, distribution mismatch is less plausible, so overfitting to the development set is the likely diagnosis. A practical remedy is to collect more development-set examples.

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Updated 2026-08-30

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