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Based on the provided definition of experimental manipulation, recall and outline the two main methods a researcher can use to systematically change the level of an independent variable so that participants are exposed to different levels.
Question: Based on the provided definition of experimental manipulation, recall and outline the two main methods a researcher can use to systematically change the level of an independent variable so that participants are exposed to different levels.
Sample answer: According to the definition, a researcher can systematically change the level of an independent variable in two ways: first, by exposing different groups of participants to different levels of that variable; second, by exposing the same group of participants to different levels at different times. This active manipulation creates the distinct conditions necessary for comparison in an experiment.
Key points:
- Systematic change of the independent variable's level is required.
- Method 1: Exposing different groups of participants to different levels.
- Method 2: Exposing the same group of participants to different levels at different times.
- The purpose of this active manipulation is to create distinct conditions for comparison.
Rubric: To receive full credit, the answer must identify the two specific ways of exposing participants to different levels of the independent variable: 1) across different groups (between-subjects design) and 2) across the same group at different times (within-subjects design).
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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