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Explain how Dr. Miller's research design demonstrates comprehension of the concept of experimental manipulation. In your answer, identify the independent variable, its levels, and how they are systematically changed in this case context.
Case context: Dr. Miller is investigating whether caffeine consumption improves reading speed. She gives a group of 30 participants a cup of caffeinated coffee and measures their reading speed. The next day, she gives the same group of 30 participants a cup of decaffeinated coffee at the same time of day and measures their reading speed again. She compares the reading speeds between the two days.
Question: Explain how Dr. Miller's research design demonstrates comprehension of the concept of experimental manipulation. In your answer, identify the independent variable, its levels, and how they are systematically changed in this case context.
Sample answer: Dr. Miller's design demonstrates experimental manipulation because she actively and systematically changes the level of the independent variable (caffeine consumption). The two levels of the variable are caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee. She systematically varies this by exposing the same group of participants to the different levels at different times (caffeinated on day one, and decaffeinated on day two). This active manipulation creates the distinct conditions needed to compare reading speeds.
Key points:
- Caffeine consumption is the independent variable.
- The levels are caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee.
- Systematic change occurs by exposing the same group of participants to different levels at different times.
- This active manipulation creates the distinct conditions for comparison.
Rubric: The student must show comprehension of experimental manipulation by: 1) Identifying caffeine consumption as the independent variable. 2) Specifying the two levels (caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee). 3) Describing how the manipulation is carried out systematically by exposing the same group of participants to different levels at different times.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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