Researchers identified 18 basic functions for a planning vocabulary. Compared with unstructured planning, vocabulary-based planning required less time and effort, produced more atomic steps, and yielded more tasks that could be delegated to others, but gave planners less flexibility.

Empirical Trade-offs of Vocabulary-Based Versus Unstructured Action Planning

A hybrid action-planning method uses prior examples to generate an initial plan automatically, then lets the planner revise or replace it to fit the task described in a feedback comment. It aims to retain the time savings, step atomicity, and delegation potential of vocabulary-based planning while restoring flexibility.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

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Researchers have hypothesized three factors that may increase the difficulty of creating action plans from feedback comments during document collaboration:

1. Stage of the Document: Mentors often find it more difficult and context-dependent to create action plans for early-stage initial drafts compared to documents in the core writing and editing stages.
2. Domain Knowledge: Writing that requires high domain knowledge (e.g., academic articles) is less conducive to creating consistent action plans than writing with low domain-specific knowledge requirements (e.g., Wikipedia articles) (Kaur et al., 2018).
3. Interpersonal Relationships: Unlike democratized platforms like Wikipedia, academic writing often relies on an apprenticeship model. This dynamic allows mentors to use writing collaboration to teach mentees how to write, which changes the types of tasks and comments they leave.

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