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Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling
Disproportionate stratified random sampling is a probability sampling technique used to deliberately sample extra respondents from particularly small or marginalized subgroups within a population. By intentionally over-representing these minority strata compared to their actual population percentage, researchers ensure they gather sufficient data to draw statistically valid, standalone conclusions about those specific groups.
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Research Methods in Psychology - 4th American Edition @ KPU
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Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling
Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling
Which of the following accurately describes the process of stratified random sampling?
A psychology researcher wants to study campus stress levels and decides to use stratified random sampling based on students' year of study (First-year through Fourth-year). Match each component of this specific study to the corresponding concept in stratified sampling.
A developmental psychologist is conducting a study on the social media habits of teenagers in a large school district. To ensure the results represent all grade levels equally, the researcher decides to use stratified random sampling based on grade (9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th). Arrange the following steps in the correct order to implement this sampling method.
A clinical psychologist studying depression stratifies a population by the severity of symptoms (Mild, Moderate, and Severe) and randomly selects 50 participants from each group, even though the 'Severe' group is much smaller in the general population. True or False: This approach is a valid application of stratified random sampling intended to ensure that the rarest subgroup has enough data for a reliable statistical analysis.
In stratified random sampling, after the population is divided into distinct subgroups (strata), the researcher draws a simple random sample independently from each subgroup.
Which of the following best explains the primary benefit of dividing a population into distinct subgroups (strata) before drawing independent simple random samples from each subgroup?
When a researcher determines that the most effective way to ensure that all segments of a population are represented in their study is to sample from distinct subgroups independently, they are making a judgment that _____ is the most appropriate method to use.
An educational psychologist wants to study reading comprehension among elementary students in a district. To guarantee that students from low, middle, and high socioeconomic statuses are adequately represented, the researcher separates the district's student roster into these three socioeconomic categories. Then, a random number generator is used to select 50 students from each category. This researcher has designed their study using ____ random sampling.
A cognitive psychologist wants to study memory retention across different age groups. They divide their target population into three strata: Young Adults, Middle-Aged Adults, and Older Adults. They then post a survey link on a popular social media platform and wait until exactly 100 people from each age group have voluntarily completed it. Which of the following represents an accurate methodological analysis of this study's sampling design?
A developmental psychologist is investigating a new reading intervention in a school district where 85 percent of students are neurotypical and 15 percent are neurodivergent. To ensure sufficient data for comparing both groups, the researcher separates the district roster into 'neurotypical' and 'neurodivergent' subgroups. The researcher then stands outside the special education resource room to hand out surveys to the first 50 neurodivergent students who walk by, and does the same outside the main cafeteria to recruit 50 neurotypical students.
How should a peer review committee evaluate this methodology's adherence to stratified random sampling?
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In disproportionate stratified random sampling, researchers deliberately sample extra respondents from small or marginalized subgroups to over-represent them compared to their actual population percentage.
A researcher studying attitudes toward mental health treatment wants to compare responses across several ethnic groups at a large university. One ethnic group comprises only 2% of the student population. The researcher decides to sample a higher percentage of students from that group than from the other groups. Which of the following best explains the researcher's rationale for this sampling decision?
A researcher is studying the academic adjustment of 'International Students' at a college where they represent only 5% of the total student body. The researcher wants to ensure they have enough data to make statistically sound comparisons with domestic students. Match each element of this study to its corresponding role in a disproportionate stratified random sampling design.
A researcher is planning a study to compare the cognitive test scores of a small group of veterans ( of the population) with the general public. Arrange the following steps of the disproportionate stratified random sampling process in the logical order required to address the challenge of low population prevalence.
In a study using disproportionate stratified random sampling, if a researcher identifies a minority subgroup that makes up only of the total population, how will they typically determine the sample size for that specific group?
True or False: In a study using disproportionate stratified random sampling, a minority group that makes up only of the total population would still only make up of the researcher's final sample.
A research committee is reviewing a sampling plan for a study on the psychological well-being of non-binary students ( of the campus population). They determine that the plan must be judged based on its ability to provide standalone statistical power for the minority group, even at the cost of misrepresenting the overall population's proportions. To satisfy this evaluative criterion, the committee should recommend using _____ stratified random sampling.
A research team is designing a campus-wide study on academic stress. For each subgroup situation or researcher goal below, match it to the correct sampling decision or consequence.
A researcher uses disproportionate stratified random sampling to oversample a group that represents only 3% of the population. When combining data across all strata to estimate a population-level average, the researcher must _____ the oversampled group's data to prevent that small group from exerting an artificially large influence on the overall result.
A researcher is deciding whether disproportionate stratified random sampling is justified for studying the mental health of LGBTQ+ students (5% of a university) and, if so, how to implement it responsibly. Arrange the following decision and implementation steps in the order that best reflects sound, defensible research practice, from earliest to latest.
Define disproportionate stratified random sampling as a probability sampling technique, and identify its primary purpose in psychological research.
Explain why the researcher should choose disproportionate stratified random sampling over proportionate stratified random sampling for this study, and describe how this choice affects the representation of student-veterans in the final sample.
A research team is designing a study on the psychological well-being of non-binary college students, who represent only of the student body. Describe how the team would apply disproportionate stratified random sampling to select their sample, and identify the direct statistical benefit of this application.