Ebola Virus Disease causes fever, severe headache, myalgia, cough, chest pain, and pharyngitis, followed by abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and hemorrhaging.

Signs and Symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease

The 2014 Ebola epidemic in West Africa was an unprecedented outbreak that dwarfed other human Ebola epidemics in mortality, resulting in 10,179 deaths out of 24,666 reported suspected or confirmed cases.

2014 West African Ebola Epidemic

There are currently no approved therapeutic drugs or vaccines for Ebola. Although certain medications have demonstrated efficacy in laboratory and animal models, they have not undergone safety and effectiveness testing in humans and are in extremely limited supply.

Lack of Approved Ebola Treatments and Vaccines

The incubation period for the Ebola virus ranges from 2 days to 21 days. This timeframe corresponds in part to the eclipse period in the growth of the virus population, during which the infected individual cannot transmit the disease to others.

Ebola Virus Incubation Period

The Ebola virus is transmitted through direct contact with droplets of bodily fluids, including saliva, blood, and vomit. The disease is highly contagious once the infected individual begins exhibiting symptoms, but cannot be transmitted during the asymptomatic incubation or eclipse phase.

Ebola Virus Transmission

Once an individual is identified as infected with the Ebola virus, the patient is immediately placed in quarantine. Public health officials then initiate a back trace to identify and monitor everyone who interacted with the patient while they were showing symptoms.

Ebola Quarantine and Contact Tracing

*Ebolavirus* is the pathogen responsible for Ebola Virus Disease.

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- Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Cytomegalovirus Infections
- Yellow Fever
- Dengue Fever
- Chikungunya Fever
- Ebola Virus Disease
- Hantavirus
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Viral Infections of the Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

EBV also known as Human herpesvirus 4 is a widespread pathogen associated with many diseases including mononucleosis and Burkitt Lymphoma.

  Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Cytomegalovirus, also known as human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), is the major cause of non-Epstein-Barr infectious mononucleosis.

Cytomegalovirus 

Yellow Fever is caused by the pathogen *Flavivirus* and is transmitted to humans by mosquito vectors.

Yellow Fever

Dengue Fever is caused by four serotypes of *Flavivirus* species called called dengue 1–4 and is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes.

Dengue Fever

Chikungunya Fever is caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes.

Chikungunya Fever

Ebola Virus

*Hantavirus* is the genus of the nine viruses that cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).

*Hantavirus*

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It greatly weakens the immune system by infecting and destroying antibody-producing cells, leaving an untreated person vulnerable to opportunistic infections. HIV consists of two variants, HIV-1 and HIV-2, and a patient's condition is considered AIDS when their CD4 T-cell count drops below 200 cells/μL.

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