Kinetoplastids are modified, specialized forms of mitochondria found in certain eukaryotic organisms, such as some parasitic protozoans.

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"The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell" is probably the most well-known saying in all of biology. This is because the job of the mitochondria is to produce energy from the breakdown of glucose. The initial lysis of glucose occurs in the cytoplasm but the bulk production of ATP(energy) is produced in the Krebs Cycle and ETC within the mitochondria. 

Mitochondria

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The term "mitochondrion" was coined by German microbiologist Carl Benda in 1898, and the organelle was subsequently connected to cellular respiration by Otto Warburg in 1913.

Discovery of Mitochondria

A mitochondrion is surrounded by two lipid membranes: an outer membrane that is a remnant of the host cell's membrane structures, and an inner membrane derived from the ancestral bacterial plasma membrane that contains the electron transport chain.

Mitochondrial Membranes

The mitochondrial matrix is the internal region of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane. It contains the mitochondrial DNA, $${}70S$$ ribosomes, and metabolic enzymes.

Mitochondrial Matrix

Cristae are folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that evolved to increase the surface area for biochemical reactions. The specific patterns of cristae folding vary across eukaryotic cell types and are used to distinguish different eukaryotic organisms.

Mitochondrial Cristae

Double-membrane-bound organelles found in some anaerobic eukaryotes that appear to be severely reduced mitochondria and are believed to have evolved from ancestral mitochondria.

Mitosomes

Double-membrane-bound, mitochondrial-related organelles found in some anaerobic eukaryotes that serve as the location for anaerobic hydrogen production used in cellular metabolism. These organelles typically lack their own DNA and ribosomes and are believed to have evolved from ancestral mitochondria.

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