The methodology for this systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 involved:

1. **Literature Search**: Searched PubMed and Embase (April 21, 2020) for terms including "COVID-19" and "cardiovascular diseases".
2. **Data Extraction**: Captured sample characteristics (e.g., age, gender, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes), cardiovascular disease incidence, levels of cardiac biomarkers (e.g., troponins, NT-pro BNP) and inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., D-dimer, CRP, IL-6), as well as the frequency of acute hepatic and kidney injury.

Emory University

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- Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis is aimed at defining the clinical, electrocardiographic, and pathologic spectrum of cardiovascular disease (CVD), frequency of elevated cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, and their frequency and relationship with severity of the disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients and to develop a triage risk stratification tool (TRST) that can serve as a guide for the timely recognition of the high-risk patients and mechanism-targeted therapy. Triage Risk Stratification Tool can serve as a guide for the timely recognition of the high-risk patients and mechanism-targeted therapy.
- Method
- Result


Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool

Momtazmanesh, S., Shobeiri, P., Hanaei, S., Mahmoud-Elasyed, H.,Dalvi, B., &Rad, E. (2020). Cardiovascular disease in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 10,898 patients and proposal of a triage risk stratification tool. Egyptian Heart Journal. doi: 10.1186/s43044-020-00075-z

- A total of 54 studies and included 35 of them in our meta-analysis
- Acute cardiac injury occurred in more than 25% of cases, mortality was 20 times higher, and admission to intensive care unit increased by 13.5 times. Hypertension was the most common pre-existing comorbidity with a frequency of 29.2%, followed by diabetes mellitus (13.5%). 
- The deceased group of patients had higher cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers, with statistically significant SMD, compared with survivors. Pediatric patients were predominantly mildly affected.


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