Neurobiological studies of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents point to potential abnormalities in the HPA axis and endogenous opioid system, as well as in the neural processing of emotionally, socially, or physically adverse stimuli.

State University of New York at Buffalo

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- Demographic Factors
- Social Factors
- Media Influence
- Adverse Childhood Events
- Neurobiological Factors

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescent: Risk Factors

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury most commonly occurs in early to mid-adolescence and commonly ceases in young adulthood. Adolescence is a vulnerable phase for developing NSSI, as elevated levels of impulsivity and emotional reactivity are present due to brain developmental processes. Apart from age, female gender has been identified as a risk factor for NSSI. Regarding cognitive factors, in a study including 4810 adolescents aged 16 to 17 years, higher IQ was associated with a higher risk of engaging in NSSI.

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescent: Risk Factors: Demographic Factors

 Such as only child emotional abuse remained significantly associated with NSSI. Also, strong association of increased parental critique or parental apathy has been shown repeatedly.


Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescent: Risk Factors: Adverse Childhood Events

- Dysfunctional relationships
 
- Social contagion & Media exposure

- The sexuality of a person 

Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescent: Risk Factors: Social Factors

Media influence, particularly high exposure to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) content online, acts as a risk factor for adolescents. While online activity regarding NSSI can be harmful by triggering urges to self-injure and providing social reinforcement of the behavior, it can also be beneficial by decreasing social isolation, encouraging recovery, and reducing urges to self-injure.

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