Postpartum depression has no single established cause. Potential contributing factors include the rapid decline in estrogen and progesterone after childbirth and psychosocial stressors such as low social support and high stress during pregnancy. These factors may increase risk but should not be treated as individually sufficient causes.

Rutgers University

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The term "postpartum depression" is the common name for the formal DSM-5 specifier "peripartum onset." This specifier is used for major depressive episodes that begin during pregnancy or within the initial four weeks after giving birth.

Peripartum Onset Specifier (Postpartum Depression)

Postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms overlap with those of major depressive disorder but differ in focus and severity. PPD includes several subtypes ranging from mild to severe. Across these subtypes, depressive and negative symptoms center on the infant and on adjusting to parental care — for example, persistent worry about being a good enough parent, or, in more severe episodes, intrusive thoughts of harming the child.

PPD: Symptoms

Based on the timing of the symptom onset described in the case study, would a mental health professional consider using the 'peripartum onset' specifier for a major depressive episode? Explain your reasoning.

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