A provirus is a viral genome that has integrated into the chromosome of a host eukaryotic cell, allowing the virus to remain in the host for a long period and establish a chronic infection. Unlike a bacterial prophage, a provirus does not undergo excision after integration.

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Retroviruses are enveloped positive single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) animal viruses that replicate by using a reverse transcriptase enzyme to synthesize a complementary DNA (cDNA) copy of their RNA genome, which is then converted into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and integrated into the host's chromosome.

Retroviruses

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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