Modifiable factors that can reduce the risk of type II diabetes include avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol use, reducing excess abdominal fat, being physically active, and eating a balanced diet. For people who already have type II diabetes, addressing these factors may also support management of the condition. Socioeconomic conditions can constrain these health behaviors, so diabetes risk should not be framed solely as individual culpability (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4910945/).