Green algae (Chlorophyta) are photosynthetic organisms characterized by cellulose cell walls, starch carbohydrate storage, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b pigments. They display diverse life forms ranging from unicellular to colonial and multicellular, which serves as a model for studying the evolution of multicellularity.

Green Algae

Charophyta is a group of green algae within the Archaeplastids that is evolutionary closest to land plants. They share land-plant-like characteristics, including cell division mechanisms, particular biochemical pathways, cellulose cell walls, starch as storage carbohydrates, and photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

Charophyta

Red algae (Rhodophyta) are photosynthetic Archaeplastids that are mostly multicellular but include unicellular forms. They possess rigid cell walls containing agar or carrageenan, which are used as solidifying agents in food production and microbial culture media.

Red Algae

Archaeplastida is a eukaryotic supergroup that includes the red algae (Rhodophyta), the green algae (Chlorophyta), another green algal group called Charophyta, and land plants.

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- Excavata
- Chromalveolata
- Rhizaria
- Archaeplastida
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta

Eukaryotic Supergroups 

Algae are classified within the eukaryotic supergroups Chromalveolata (which includes dinoflagellates, diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae) and Archaeplastida (which includes red algae and green algae).

Supergroups of Algae

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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Excavata is a eukaryotic supergroup that includes primitive eukaryotes and many parasites with limited metabolic abilities. These organisms typically possess complex cell shapes and structures, often featuring a depression on the cell surface known as an excavate.

Excavata

Chromalveolata is a eukaryotic supergroup whose members are characterized and united by similar evolutionary origins of their plastids. This supergroup includes subgroups such as apicomplexans, ciliates, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and water molds (oomycetes).

Chromalveolata

Rhizaria is a eukaryotic supergroup of amoeboid protists characterized by threadlike pseudopodia. It is divided into three subgroups: Foraminifera, Radiolaria, and Cerozoa.

Rhizaria

Archaeplastida

Amoebozoa is a eukaryotic supergroup that is divided into slime molds and entamoebas. Slime molds exist in both plasmodial and cellular forms, while entamoebas are characterized by trophozoites that can form cysts.

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