The bacterium *Clostridioides difficile* is a common source of hospital-acquired infections that can result in serious and even fatal cases of colitis. These infections frequently occur in patients who are immunosuppressed or undergoing antibiotic therapy that alters the normal gastrointestinal microbiota.

*Clostridioides difficile*

The bacterial genus *Clostridium* consists of rod-shaped, typically obligate anaerobes that produce resilient endospores, enabling them to survive for many years in anaerobic environments like soil and aquatic sediments. This genus is notable for producing more types of protein toxins than any other bacterial genus, with several species acting as human pathogens.

Clostridium

Clostridia are a group of low G+C gram-positive bacteria that are typically obligate anaerobes and capable of producing endospores.

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Low G+C gram-positive bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms characterized by having less than 50% guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA. This category contains multiple classes and genera of bacteria, including several significant pathogens.

Low G+C gram positive bacteria

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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Clostridia

Mycoplasmas are gram positive bacteria even though they lack a cell wall. They were identified by being gram positive because of their low G+C content genome. 

Mycoplasmas 

The genus *Mycoplasma* consists of more than $${}100$$ species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are classified as low G+C gram-positive bacteria, despite not staining with Gram-stain reagents. These bacteria are extremely small, with some diameters around $${}0.2$$ μm, which is smaller than certain large viruses. Due to the absence of a cell wall, *Mycoplasma* cells are pleomorphic, meaning they lack a fixed shape, can assume diverse forms, and may resemble tiny animal cells, making them challenging to identify.

Mycoplasmas

Bacilli is a class of low G+C gram-positive bacteria that includes both rod-shaped and spherical (coccus-shaped) species, such as the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus.

Bacilli

Lactobacillales is an order of low G+C gram-positive bacteria that includes the genera Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus.

Lactobacillales

The term bacillus (plural: bacilli) refers to rod-shaped prokaryotic cells. In taxonomy, Bacillus is also a genus of low G+C gram-positive bacteria, many of which can form resilient endospores.

Bacillus

The term staphylococcus (plural: staphylococci) describes a cellular arrangement where spherical cells (cocci) form grape-like clusters. Taxonomically, Staphylococcus is a genus of low G+C gram-positive bacteria.

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