The bacterium *Staphylococcus epidermidis* benefits by using dead human skin cells as nutrients, typically without affecting the human host. However, this relationship is not always distinctly commensal; it can also be viewed as mutualism because *S. epidermidis* produces bacteriocins that can defend the human host against potential pathogens.

Commensalism with *Staphylococcus epidermidis* and humans

Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits from the interaction while the other organism is unaffected.

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- Mutualism 
- Amensalism 
- Commensalism
- Neutralism 
- Parasitism

Types of Symbioses Among Prokaryotes

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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Parasitism is a type of symbiosis where one organism or population benefits and the other is harmed.

Parasitism 

Mutualism, also known as syntropy or crossfeeding, is a symbiotic relationship in which two different species interact and both species obtain a benefit.

Mutualism 

Amensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one population or species is harmed or destroyed, while the other population remains unaffected.

Amensalism 

Commensalism 

Neutralism is a type of symbiosis in which two coexisting organisms interact, but neither is affected in any way.

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