When the resident vaginal microbiota is depleted—such as during antibiotic therapy—the vaginal pH increases. This reduction in acidity makes the vagina a more favorable environment for the opportunistic overgrowth of yeasts like *Candida albicans*.

Antibiotic Disruption of Vaginal Microbiota

In most females, the normal vaginal microbiota is dominated by *Lactobacillus* spp., which produce lactic acid to maintain vaginal acidity and inhibit the growth of pathogenic yeasts.

University of Wisconsin - Madison

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The urogenital system is a term for the urinary and reproductive systems in human anatomy.
- Urinary Tract
- Reproductive system 

Urogenital system

The genus *Lactobacillus* has many fermenting bacteria that ferment sugars to lactic acid. 

*Lactobacillus*

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

The urinary tract system filters blood, excretes waste, and helps balance water in the human body. 

Urinary tract

The reproductive system produces gametes, is responsible for conception and, in females produces, offspring. 

Reproductive system

The normal microbiota of the male urogenital system consists primarily of the distal urethra and is dominated by microbiota commonly found on the skin. 

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