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Sum of an Infinite Geometric Series

When an infinite geometric series is convergent (that is, when r<1|r| < 1), its sum can be computed using the formula:

S=a11rS = \frac{a_1}{1 - r}

where a1a_1 is the first term and rr is the common ratio. This formula is derived from the partial-sum formula Sn=a1(1rn)1rS_n = \frac{a_1(1 - r^n)}{1 - r}. Because r<1|r| < 1, the term rnr^n approaches zero as nn grows infinitely large. Replacing rnr^n with 00 in the partial-sum formula gives S=a1(10)1r=a11rS = \frac{a_1(1 - 0)}{1 - r} = \frac{a_1}{1 - r}. Notice that SS is written without the subscript nn because the sum is not limited to a finite number of terms. This formula applies only when the series is convergent; when r1|r| \geq 1, the series is divergent and no finite sum exists.

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Updated 2026-06-05

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