1Cademy - دفتر چهارم - بخش ۵۰ - آموختن پیشه گورکنی قابیل از زاغ پیش از آنک در عالم علم گورکنی و گور بود / Book Four - Section 50 - Cain Learning the Craft of Grave-Digging from a Crow Before the Science of Grave-Digging and Graves Existed in the World

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مثنوی معنوی: دفتر چهارم / Masnavi: Book Four

Poem

دفتر چهارم - بخش ۵۰ - آموختن پیشه گورکنی قابیل از زاغ پیش از آنک در عالم علم گورکنی و گور بود / Book Four - Section 50 - Cain Learning the Craft of Grave-Digging from a Crow Before the Science of Grave-Digging and Graves Existed in the World

متن و ترجمه / Text and Translation

کندن گوری که کمتر پیشه بود	کی ز فکر و حیله و اندیشه بود
The digging of a grave—a lesser craft— when could it have come from thought, scheme, and deliberation?
گر بدی این فهم مر قابیل را	کی نهادی بر سر او هابیل را
If this understanding had belonged to Cain, when would he have placed Abel upon his head?
که کجا غایب کنم این کشته را	این به خون و خاک در آغشته را
Saying: "Where shall I conceal this slain one, this one steeped in blood and soil?"
دید زاغی زاغ مرده در دهان	بر گرفته تیز می آمد چنان
He saw a crow, a dead crow in its beak, that had taken it up and was coming swiftly thus.
از هوا زیر آمد و شد او به فن	از پی تعلیم او را گورکن
It descended from the air and, by skill, became a grave-digger to instruct him.
پس به چنگال از زمین انگیخت گرد	زود زاغ مرده را در گور کرد
Then with its claws it stirred up dust from the earth, and quickly placed the dead crow in the grave.
دفن کردش پس بپوشیدش به خاک	زاغ از الهام حق بد علم ناک
It buried it, then covered it with soil— the crow was made knowing through God's inspiration.
گفت قابیل آه شه بر عقل من	که بود زاغی ز من افزون به فن
Cain said: "Alas, shame upon my intellect, that a crow was more skilled in craft than I!"
عقل کل را گفت مازاغ البصر	عقل جزوی می کند هر سو نظر
Of the Universal Intellect it is said: "Mā zāgha l-baṣar"—the sight swerved not; the partial intellect looks in every direction.
عقل مازاغ است نور خاصگان	عقل زاغ استاد گور مردگان
The intellect of mā zāgha is the light of the elect; the intellect of zāgh (the crow) is the teacher of the graves of the dead.
جان که او دنبالهٔ زاغان پرد	زاغ او را سوی گورستان برد
The soul that flies in the wake of crows— the crow leads it toward the graveyard.
هین مدو اندر پی نفس چو زاغ	کو به گورستان برد نه سوی باغ
Beware! Do not run after the ego like a crow, for it leads to the graveyard, not to the garden.
گر روی رو در پی عنقای دل	سوی قاف و مسجد اقصای دل
If you go, go in pursuit of the heart's ʿAnqā, toward the Qāf and the Masjid al-Aqṣā of the heart.
نوگیاهی هر دم ز سودای تو	می دمد در مسجد اقصای تو
A fresh sprout every moment from your longing breathes forth in the Masjid al-Aqṣā of your heart.
تو سلیمان وار داد او بده	پی بر از وی پای رد بر وی منه
Like Solomon, render it its due; follow its track; do not place a rejecting foot upon it.
زانک حال این زمین با ثبات	باز گوید با تو انواع نبات
For the condition of this stable earth tells you back the various plants it bears.
در زمین گر نیشکر ور خود نیست	ترجمان هر زمین نبت ویست
Whether sugarcane or bitter herb is in the earth, the plant that springs is the interpreter of each soil.
پس زمین دل که نبتش فکر بود	فکرها اسرار دل را وا نمود
So the soil of the heart, whose plant is thought— thoughts reveal the secrets of the heart.
گر سخن کش یابم اندر انجمن	صد هزاران گل برویم چون چمن
If I find a word-drawer in the assembly, I bloom like a meadow with a hundred thousand flowers.
ور سخن کش یابم آن دم زن به مزد	می گریزد نکته ها از دل چو دزد
If I find a word-drawer who breathes for hire, the subtle points flee from the heart like a thief.
جنبش هر کس به سوی جاذبست	جذب صدق نه چو جذب کاذبست
Every person's movement is toward an attractor— the attraction of truth is not like the attraction of falsehood.
می روی گه گمره و گه در رشد	رشته پیدا نه و آنکت می کشد
You go—sometimes astray, sometimes in right guidance— the thread is not visible, yet that which draws you exists.
اشتر کوری مهار تو رهین	تو کشش می بین مهارت را مبین
You are a blind camel whose halter is pledged— see the pull; do not look at your halter.
گر شدی محسوس جذاب و مهار	پس نماندی این جهان دارالغرار
If the attracting force and the halter were perceptible, this world would no longer remain the House of Delusion (dār al-gharār).
گبر دیدی کو پی سگ می رود	سخرهٔ دیو ستنبه می شود
You have seen the unbeliever who follows a dog, becoming the plaything of a stubborn demon.
در پی او کی شدی مانند حیز	پی خود را واکشیدی گبر نیز
When would you have followed him like a coward? You too would have withdrawn your footsteps from the unbeliever.
گاو گر واقف ز قصابان بدی	کی پی ایشان بدان دکان شدی
If the ox were aware of the butchers, when would it have followed them to that shop?
یا بخوردی از کف ایشان سبوس	یا بدادی شیرشان از چاپلوس
Or it would have eaten bran from their hands, or given them its milk out of flattery.
ور بخوردی کی علف هضمش شدی	گر ز مقصود علف واقف بدی
And if it ate, how could the fodder have been digested, if it were aware of the purpose behind the fodder?
پس ستون این جهان خود غفلتست	چیست دولت کین دوادو با لتست
So the pillar of this world is indeed heedlessness— what is fortune, that this running comes with a kick at the end?
اولش دو دو به آخر لت بخور	جز درین ویرانه نبود مرگ خر
First you run and run; at the end receive the kick— the donkey's death occurs nowhere but in this ruin.
تو به جد کاری که بگرفتی به دست	عیبش این دم بر تو پوشیده شدست
You earnestly take up a task at hand— its flaw is concealed from you at this moment.
زان همی تانی بدادن تن به کار	که بپوشید از تو عیبش کردگار
That is why you are able to give yourself to the work: the Creator has veiled its flaw from you.
همچنین هر فکر که گرمی در آن	عیب آن فکرت شدست از تو نهان
Likewise, every thought in which you are fervent— the flaw of that thought has been hidden from you.
بر تو گر پیدا شدی زو عیب و شین	زو رمیدی جانت بعد المشرقین
If its flaw and blemish had appeared to you, your soul would have fled from it as far as the two easts (baʿd al-mashriqayn).
حال که آخر زو پشیمان می شوی	گر بود این حال اول کی دوی
Now, in the end, you repent of it— if this state had been at the beginning, when would you have pursued it?
پس بپوشید اول آن بر جان ما	تا کنیم آن کار بر وفق قضا
So it was first veiled from our soul, that we might do that work in accordance with Divine Decree.
چون قضا آورد حکم خود پدید	چشم وا شد تا پشیمانی رسید
When the Decree brought its judgment to light, the eye opened until repentance arrived.
این پشیمانی قضای دیگرست	این پشیمانی بهل حق را پرست
This repentance is another Decree— leave this repentance and worship God.
ور کنی عادت پشیمان خور شوی	زین پشیمانی پشیمان تر شوی
And if you make a habit of it, you become one who swallows regret, growing more repentant still from this repentance.
نیم عمرت در پریشانی رود	نیم دیگر در پشیمانی رود
Half your life passes in distraction, the other half in repentance.
ترک این فکر و پریشانی بگو	حال و یار و کار نیکوتر بجو
Abandon this thought and distraction— seek a better state, companion, and occupation.
ور نداری کار نیکوتر به دست	پس پشیمانیت بر فوت چه است
And if you have no better work at hand, then what is your repentance over what is lost?
گر همی دانی ره نیکو پرست	ور ندانی چون بدانی کین بد است
If you know the way, worship the better path; and if you do not know, how will you know that this is at hand?
بد ندانی تا ندانی نیک را	ضد را از ضد توان دید ای فتی
You cannot know the bad until you know the good— opposites are known through opposites, O youth.
چون ز ترک فکر این عاجز شدی	از گناه آنگاه هم عاجز بدی
Since you were helpless to abandon this thought, you were also helpless before the sin at that time.
چون بدی عاجز پشیمانی ز چیست	عاجزی را باز جو کز جذب کیست
Since you were helpless, why the repentance? Seek out helplessness again—from whose attraction does it come?
عاجزی بی قادری اندر جهان	کس ندیدست و نباشد این بدان
Helplessness without capacity in the world— no one has seen it, and it does not exist; know this.
همچنین هر آرزو که می بری	تو ز عیب آن حجابی اندری
Likewise, every desire you pursue— you are veiled from its flaw.
ور نمودی علت آن آرزو	خود رمیدی جان تو زان جست و جو
If the defect of that desire had shown itself, your soul would have fled from that pursuit of its own accord.
گر نمودی عیب آن کار او ترا	کس نبردی کش کشان آن سو ترا
If the flaw of that work had shown itself to you, no one would have dragged you in that direction.
وان دگر کار کز آن هستی نفور	زان بود که عیبش آمد در ظهور
And that other work from which you recoil— it is because its flaw has come into appearance.
ای خدای رازدان خوش سخن	عیب کار بد ز ما پنهان مکن
O God, Knower of secrets, sweet of speech, do not hide from us the flaw of evil deeds.
عیب کار نیک را منما به ما	تا نگردیم از روش سرد و هبا
Do not show us the flaw of good deeds, lest we grow cold and wasted on the path.
هم بر آن عادت سلیمان سنی	رفت در مسجد میان روشنی
In keeping with that custom, the noble Solomon went into the mosque amid the light.
قاعدهٔ هر روز را می جست شاه	که ببیند مسجد اندر نو گیاه
The king sought the rule of each day, to see a new plant in the mosque.
دل ببیند سر بدان چشم صفی	آن حشایش که شد از عامه خفی
The heart sees the secret with that pure eye— those herbs that remain hidden from the common folk.

Updated 2026-08-30

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Ganjoor

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The Limitation of Particular Intellect in the Story of Cain and the Crow in the Masnavi

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متن و ترجمه / Text and Translation

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